Glossary

A phenomenon where a participant experiences a perceived improvement in symptoms due to their belief in the treatment.

A measurable biological indicator used to assess health, disease, or the effects of treatment.

The primary outcome or measure that a clinical trial is designed to evaluate.

Factors that allow an individual to participate in a clinical trial.

The third phase, testing a treatment�s efficacy and monitoring side effects in a much larger population.

Factors that disqualify an individual from participating in a clinical trial.

The requirements participants must meet to join a clinical trial.

The ability of a treatment to produce the desired effect under ideal conditions.

The process of continuously evaluating the safety of participants during a study.

A treatment, procedure, or action tested in a clinical trial to evaluate its effects.

Any undesired effect or medical occurrence experienced during a clinical trial.

Post-marketing studies conducted after a treatment is approved to collect additional information about risks, benefits, and optimal use.

The second phase, focused on evaluating the effectiveness and further assessing safety in a larger group.

A study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment or placebo.